சனசமூக நிலைய நூலகங்கள்---

சனசமூக நிலைய நூலகங்கள்

: சமூக மேம்பாட்டின் குவி மையங்கள் - 1

gFjp - 1

kdpjd; :-

     ,aw;if vd;Dk; gue;j tpisepyj;jpy; cUthfp> ,aw;ifAld; ,ire;J NghfTk;> jdJ gFj;jwptpd; Jiznfhz;L rpyrkak; ,aw;ifiaj; jdf;F ,irthf;fTk; Mw;wy; ngw;w ,dk; vd;w tifapy; ,t;Tyfpy; thOk; caphpdq;fSf;Fs; caHthd XH caphp. ,aw;ifapd; Mw;wy;fSf;F vy;iy fhzKbahjJ Nghd;Nw kdpjdJ Mw;wy;fSf;;Fk; vy;iy fhzKbahJ  vd;gij epj;jKk; czHj;jpf;nfhz;bUg;gtd;. md;G> ,uf;fk;> fUiz> ghrk;> fhjy;> <LghL> khpahij> gf;jp Nghd;w cahpa kdpjg; gz;Gfis jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;likahy; kdpjd; vd miof;fg;gLgtd;. mNjrkak; Vkhw;wq;fspd;ghw;gl;L Nfhgk;> ntWg;G> FNuhjk; Nghd;w vjpHkiwg; ngWkhdq;fSf;F ,yFthf Ml;glf;$batd;. rpW KfkyHr;rpapy; fz;fspd; ghtj;jpy;> ,Nyrhd jiyairg;gpy;$l jdJ czHTfisj; Jy;ypakhf ntspg;gLj;jj; njhpe;jtd;. fz;lit> Nfl;lit> gbj;jit> czHe;jit vd Gyd;fshy; ngw;w mwpit GyDf;F Gwk;ghf cs;s gFj;jwptpd; Jiznfhz;L myrp Muha;e;J> xg;GNehf;fp> cz;ik fz;L> Gjpa fUj;Jf;fis cUthf;fp> mtw;iw NkYk; Ma;Tnra;J rhpghHj;J> Nfhl;ghL fz;L> rl;lkhf;fp cyif topelj;Jk; Mw;wy; ngw;wtd; vd;gjhy; kdpjDf;F epfH kdpjNd. kdpjd; kdpjdhf tho;tjw;F mtDf;F ,d;wpaikahjjhf ,Ug;gJ mwpT.

r%fk;........

kdpjd; jdpj;J ,aq;fKbahj xU r%fg; gpuhzp. mtdJ Njitfs; tiuaWf;fg;gl KbahjsTf;F vz;zpiwe;jit. NkLk; gs;sKk;> fw;fSk; Kl;fSk;> ntspr;rKk; ,Ul;Lk; epiwe;j tho;f;ifg; ghijapy; jdpj;J eilNghLk; Mw;wy; kdpjDf;F ,y;iy. #oYf;F jd;id rhpnra;J nfhs;shj vJTNk epiynfhs;tJ fbdk; vd;gij czHe;J> mjw;fikaf; $b thOk; gz;G nfhz;ltd;. Njitfisg; G+Hj;jpnra;Ak; nghUl;L gyiuAk; ehlNtz;ba epHg;ge;jk; kdpjDf;F Vw;gLk;NghJ mJ kdpj r%fj;jpd; cUthf;fj;Jf;F toptFf;fpd;wJ. jd;idr; Rw;wpAs;sitfs; kPjhd mtjhdpg;GfSk;> mt; mtjhdpg;Gfisg; ghpNrhjidf;Fs;shf;fp jPHT fhzKaYk; kdpj %isapd; Mw;wYNk kdpjFy tsHr;rpf;F mbg;gilahf ,Ug;gjdhy; r%fk; vd;gJ jdpkdpjDf;Fk; Kw;gl;lJ. “xUtUld; xUtH fye;J> ,ize;J vy;NyhUf;Fk; nghJthd rpy Nehf;fq;fis miltjw;fhf $br; nraw;gLk; gy kdpjHfspd; $l;Nl r%fk;” vd;fpwhH fpl;bq;];[Giddings] vd;w mwpQH.  ~ghJfhg;G> Gjpa mDgtq;fisg; ngwy;> gpwuJ J}z;ly;fSf;F Vw;g elj;jy;> gpwH jk;ikg;Nghy; xUtuhf vk;ik Vw;Wf;nfhs;sy;  Mfpa ehd;F Cf;fpfNs r%fj; njhlHGfSf;F mbg;gil~ vd;fpwhH Njhk]; vd;w mwpQH. xU kdpjdpd; KO tsHr;rpf;Fk; r%fk; ,d;wpaikahjJ. czT> cil> ciwAs; Nghd;w cly; NjitfSk;> md;G Nghd;w csj;NjitfSk;> ghJfhg;G> nghOJNghf;F Nghd;w r%fj; NjitfSk; epiwT ngWtjw;F r%f thof;if kdpjDf;F mtrpakhdJ.

kdpjDk; r%fKk; :-

     xU kdpjdpd; KO tsHr;rpf;F r%fk; ,d;wpaikahjJ. kuG> taJ> gapw;rp> #oy; vd;gd kdpj cUthf;fj;Jf;F Kf;fpa gq;F tfpf;fpd;wd. gpwg;ghy; tpyq;fhf ,Uf;Fk; kdpjd; kdpjdhf thHf;fg;gLtJ FLk;gk; vd;w mr;rpy; jhd.; kdpjd; re;jpf;fpd;w KjyhtJ cwthd jha; Nra; cwT kdpjDf;F jd;DzHitAk;> jd;idr; Rw;wpAs;s $l;lhspfspd; cwT r%f czHitAk; Njhw;Wtpf;fpwJ. r%fj;jpd; tsk;> r%fj;jpd; kuG> r%fj;jpd; Njitfs;> r%fj;jpd; #oy; vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilapNyNa kdpjdpd; Kd;Ndw;wk; jq;fpAs;sJ. mNjrkak; jdpj;jd;ik kpf;f kdpjHfs; ,d;wp r%fk; Nt&d;wp epiyj;J epw;fKbahJ. jdpkdpj tsHr;rpia r%f Kd;Ndw;wj;jpdpd;Wk; gphpf;fKbahjsTf;F mit neUq;fpg; gpd;dpg; gpize;jpUf;fpd;wd. vdNt kdpjdpd;wp r%fkpy;iy. r%fkpd;wp kdpjg; gz;Gs;s kdpjd; ,y;iy.

r%fKk; gz;ghLk;:-

kdpjdJ FO tho;f;ifapdpd;Wk; vOtJ gz;ghL. vdNt r%fk; vd;gJ gz;ghL ,d;wp epiynfhs;s KbahjJ. ~ve;jnthU kf;fs; FOtpYk; cs;s kf;fspdJk; tho;f;ifKiw> goFk;tpjk;> Vida kf;fs; FOTld; goFk;jd;ik> mtu;fspd; nkhop> vz;zq;fis ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;F mk;nkhopiag; gad;gLj;Jk;tpjk;> nghUl;fs; fUtpfis cUthf;Fk;Kiw> mtw;iwg; gad;gLj;Jk;Kiw> mtu;fspd; rpe;jidfs; midj;JNk gz;ghL vd;gjw;Fs; cs;slq;Fk;! vd;fpwhu; Nghy; rpau;]; vd;w mwpQu;.

gz;ghL capu;tho;tjw;F gpd;tUk; %d;W mk;rq;fSf;fpilapy; ,irTj;jd;ik mtrpakhFk;

1.  fw;Nfhlup Kjw; nfhz;L ,d;iwa fzpdp tiu kdpjdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l ngsjpf cgfuzq;fs;. gz;ghl;bd; Kjpu;r;rpahdJ ,t; cgfuzq;fspd; gue;j gad;ghl;bdhy; msf;fg;gLfpwJ. fUtpfs; tsu;tjw;fika mjidg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd mwpTk; tsu Ntz;Lk;.

2.  fz;Lgpbf;fg;gLk; xt;nthU fUtpAk; vt;thW> ve;jstpw;F> vd;d Nehf;fj;Jf;F gadgLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ njhlu;ghf r%f cWg;gpdu;fspilNa cUthf;fg;gLk; Nfhl;ghLfs; ek;gpf;iffs;> mDgtq;fs;> fl;Lf;fijfs;> Gidfijfs;> fw;gid cUthf;fq;fs; midj;Jk; xd;wpize;j mwpT vd;Dk; Gyikj;Jtk;. ,e;j Gyikj;Jtj;jpypUe;J ngwg;gLfpd;w jj;Jtk; xU kdpjid ,d;ndhU kdpjDld; njhlu;GgLj;JtJld; cyfk; vq;fZk; njhlu;GgLj;Jfpd;wJ

3.  ,tw;iwr; nraYUg;gLj;Jfpd;w> gz;ghl;Lf;F ajhu;j;jj;ijj; jUfpd;w r%f epWtdq;fs;. cgfuzq;fisg; gadgLj;Jtjw;F r%f cWg;gpdu;fshy; xd;W jpul;lg;gl;l mwpT vd;Dk; ,e;j Gyikj;JtNk kf;fspd; eilKiwfs; gof;f tof;fq;fshf cUthfp epWtdq;fspD}lhf nraYUg; ngw;W r%f elj;ijahf cUthfpwJ. ve;jnthU rkaj;jpYk; ,e;j Gyikj;JtkhdJ ngsjpf cgfuzq;fspy; fl;Lg;ghl;il Vw;gLj;Jk;. r%f epWtdq;fspd; vy;iyg; gug;igAk; tiuaWf;Fk;.

Nkw;$wpa %d;W mk;rq;fSk; xd;Wld; xd;W ,ire;J Nghtjd; %yNk gz;ghL vd;gJ capu; tho KbAk;.

r%f epWtdq;fs;

r%fk; jdpkdpju;fs; Nru;e;J cUthf;fg;gl;lJ vdpDk; mJ gyjug;gl;l epWtdq;fspd; fl;likg;ghyhdJ. r%fj;jpd; Njhw;wg;ghLfs;> kuGfs; >Kiwrhu;e;j fl;likg;Gfs; vd;gtw;wpd; njhFg;Ng r%f epWtdq;fs; MFk;. jdpkdpju; xt;nthUtUk; ngw;Nwhuhf> Mrpupauhf> njhopyhspahf> njhopy; Kaw;rpahsuhf> r%f Nritahsuhf vd gyjug;gl;l tifapy; ,e; epWtdq;fspy; jkJ gq;if Mw;Wfpd;wdu;. kdpjupd; Njitiag; G+u;j;jpnra;antd kdpjuhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l ,e;epWtdq;fs; ,d;W r%f cWg;gpdu;fs; kPJ jkJ tpUg;gq;fis mKy;gLj;Jfpd;w xU fUtpahf tsu;e;jJ kl;Lkd;wp> ,tw;wpy; rpy jkJ r%fj;jpd; gug;ngy;iyf;Fk; mg;ghy; nrd;W Vida r%fq;fisAk; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; mstpw;F ghupa rf;jpfshfTk; cUntLj;jpUf;fpd;wd.

r%f  epWtdq;fspd;  Mjhu[primary] epWtdq;fshff; fUjg;gLgit FLk;gk;> $l;lhspf;FO> Rw;Wg;Gwr; rKjhak; vd;w %d;WNk. ,it r%f cWg;gpdhpilNa KOf;f KOf;f Neubj; njhlHigg; NgZgit. kdpj Fyj;jpd; Muk;g fl;lq;fspNyNa ,e;j Mjhu epWtdq;fs; Njhw;wk; ngwj; njhlq;fptpl;ld. ghlrhiyfs;> kj epWtdq;fs; Nghd;wit Neubj; njhlHigAk;> kiwKfj; njhlHigAk; NgZfpd;w ,ilepiy[Intermediate] epiyaq;fshff; fUjg;gLfpd;wd. Kw;wpYk; kiwKfj; njhlHigg; NgZfpd;w muR> njhlHG rhjdq;fs; Nghd;wit topepiy[Secondary] epiyaq;fs; vdf; $wg;gLfpd;wd. kdpj tho;tpd; xt;nthU tsHr;rpg;gbapYk; ,r; r%f epWtdq;fspd; nry;thf;F msg;ghpajhFk;. fUtiw njhlq;fp fy;yiwtiu xt;nthU tsHr;rpg;gbapYk; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jk; typikkpf;f ,r; r%f epWtdq;fspd; msT> jd;ik> Mjpf;fk; vd;gtw;wpD}lhf xU r%fj;jpd; jd;ikiaAk;> mjd; rpf;fy; tha;e;j mikg;igAk; ,dq;fz;Lnfhs;s KbAk;. ,jpypUe;J jdpkdpj tsHr;rpf;Fk;> r%f tsHr;rpf;Fk; mbg;gil ,r; r%f epWtdq;fNs vd;gJ njspT.

rdr%f epiyaq;fs;

     xU Fwpg;gpl;l ,lj;jpy; neUq;fpr; NrHe;J trpf;Fk; gy FLk;gq;fs; jkf;Fs; vz;zq;fs;> Fwpf;Nfhs;fs;> gof;f tof;fq;fs;> tho;f;if Kiwfs;> njhopy;fs; Nghd;w VjhtJ xd;wpNyh my;yJ gytw;wpNyh rpy nghJg; gz;Gfisf; nfhz;bUf;Fkhapd; mJ Rw;Wg;Gwr; r%fk; vd;w Mjhu epWtdkhf cUg;ngWfpwJ. ,e;j Mjhu epWtdj;jpypUe;J Nrit kdg;ghd;ik kpf;f cWg;gpdH jkf;Fs; xd;WNrHe;J jkJ kf;fSf;F Nrit Ghptjw;nfd cUthf;Fk; epiyaq;fNs rdr%f epiyaq;fshFk;. kdpjH xUtUf;nfhUtH cjTtjw;Fk;> cwT nfhz;lhLtjw;Fk; Njhoik nfhs;tjw;Fk;> xd;wpize;J nraw;gLtjw;Fk; jkf;Fs; Neubj; njhlHigg; NgZfpd;w rpwpa vz;zpf;ifAs;s cWg;gpdHfisf; nfhz;l mikg;Ng rdr%f epiyaq;fshFk;. ,it tptrha rKjhaq;fshfNth> flw;njhopiy rpwg;ghff; nfhz;l flw;njhopy; rKjhaq;fshfNth my;yJ njhopw;Jiwr; rKjhaq;fshfNth ,Uf;f KbAk;. kdpj tho;tpd; ngUk;gFjp Rw;wg;Gwr; r%fk; vd;w tl;lj;Jf;Fs;NsNa fopfpd;wJ. kdpjg; gz;Gfis tpUj;jp nra;Ak; ,j;jifa Mjhu epiyaq;fis kdpjg;gz;Gfspd; “tsHg;Gg; gz;izfs;” vd r%ftpayhsH miof;fpd;wdH.

      

gFjp - 11

,d;iwa kdpjDk; r%fKk;

     ,d;iwa r%fk; jfty; r%fk; vdg;gLfpwJ. mwpNt Mw;wy; vd;w Nfh\k; Kd;itf;fg;gl;l ifj;njhopy; r%fj;jpypUe;J jftNy Mw;wy; vd Koq;Fk; jfty; r%fj;jpy; ehk; tho;fpd;Nwhk;. FLk;gk;> Rw;Wg;Gw r%fk;> fpuhkk; Nghd;wtw;wpd; tiuaiwfs; cyff; fpuhkk; vd;w fUj;J epiyf;Fs; jkJ jdpj;Jtj;ij nky;y nky;y ,oe;J tUfpd;wd. cyfpd; Ntfj;NjhL xl;b XlNtz;ba epHg;ge;jk; kdpjDf;F ,Ug;gjhy; gk;gu Ntfj;jpy; RoYk; ,d;iwa cyfpy; kdpjdpd; cjLfs; mjpfk; cr;rhpf;Fk; thHj;ij “Neukpy;iy” vd;gNj. Neukpy;yhj cyfpy; jd;DzHitAk;> r%f czHitAk; jf;fitg;gjw;F ghhpa gpuaj;jdk; Njit. rhjidg; gbfspd; cr;rpapy; epw;Fk; kdpjdhy; kdpjd; jiyia epkpHj;Jk; jlitfis tpl mk;kdpjdhy; cUthf;fptplg;gl;l r%f> nghUshjhu> murpay;> fyhr;rhu Vw;wj;jho;Tfspd; mghafukhd tpisTfis re;jpj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; kdpj r%fj;ijg; ghHj;J kdpjd; jiyFdpAk; jlitfs; mjpfkhdit.

     md;G> ghJfhg;G> gu];gu cwT vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; cUthd FLk;gk; vd;w Mjhu epWtdk; ,d;W mtw;iw Gwe;js;sp gzj;Jf;Fk; me;j];J kpf;f njhopypw;Fk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;Fk; epWtdkhf khwpf;nfhz;L tUfpwJ. ijhpak;> gw;WWjp> gue;j kdg;ghq;F> nghJeyg; gz;G Nghd;wtw;iw tsHg;gjw;F cjTk; tpisahl;Lf; FOf;fSld; Foe;ijfs; nrytpl;l fhyk; khwp> jdpahH fy;tp epiyaq;fspy; $Ljyhd Neuk; Klf;fg;gl vQ;rpAs;s Neuj;jpy; fzdp tpisahl;Lf;fSk;> tpahghu hPjpahd tHj;jf ikaq;fSk; Kf;fpag;gLj;jg ;gLtjdhy; Foe;ijfis gpujhd mq;fj;jtuhf nfhz;l tpisahl;Lf;FO vd;w tYkpf;f Mjhu epWtdk; efHg;Gw r%fq;fspy; nky;y nky;y kiwe;Jnfhz;L NghfpwJ. tho;f;ifg; gbg;ig Gwe;js;sp Vl;Lg;gbg;Gf;F mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;Fk; ghlrhiy vd;w epWtdk;> tpUk;gj;jfhj kdntOr;rpfis kdpjhplk; Fwpg;ghf Foe;ijfsplk; J}z;btpLk; jpiug;gl Clfq;fs;> epd;W epjhdpj;J rpe;jpj;Jg; ghHj;J nraw;gl Neukw;w gk;gu cyfpy; njhif hPjpahfTk; juhPjpahfTk; ngUj;Jf;nfhz;L NghFk; jfty; nts;sj;Jf;Fs; ey;yij> nghUj;jkhdij njhpT nra;tjw;fhd NeuNkh> nghWikNah> mwpNth mw;w kdpj r%fk; ,g;gb ,d;iwa r%fj;jpd; vjpHf;fzpag; Nghf;if tpthpj;Jf;nfhz;Nl Nghfyhk;.

cyfk; fpuhkkhf RUq;fptUk; ,d;iwa fhyj;jpy; xt;nthU r%fKk; jkJ jdpj;jd;ikia ntspf;nfhzHtjw;F jk;khyhd tifapy; Kaw;rp nra;fpd;wd. nfhba tpyq;FfsplkpUe;J jd;idg; ghJfhf;f> $b tho Kw;gl;l kdpj r%fk; ,d;W kdpjHfsplkpUe;J jk;ikg; ghJfhf;fNtz;ba jd;ikf;F js;sg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. typaJ nkypaij eRf;Fk; vd;w  ,aw;ifapd; tpjp kdpjDf;F tpjptpyf;fhdnjhd;wy;y. vdNt eRf;fg;gLk; r%fk; jd;id fhj;Jf;nfhs;sTk;> jdpj;jd;ikia Ngzpf;nfhs;sTk; r%f Nkk;ghL mtrpakhdJ

r%f Nkk;ghL

r%f Nkk;ghL vd;gJ r%fj;jpd; eyid Nkk;gLj;Jk;  nghUl;L  r%fj;jpd; Mjhu epWtdkhd  FLk;gk; vd;w epWtdk; KOikahd tsHr;rp ngwTk;> FLk;gj;jpd; cWg;gpduhd jdpkdpjH xt;nthUtUk; jd;dpiwTk; jpUg;jpAk; ngwTk; Ntz;ba tha;g;ig Vw;gLj;jpj; jUtij Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;lJ. jdpkdpj tsHr;rpf;F mwpT ve;jsTf;F mbg;gilahf cs;sNjh r%f tsHr;rpf;Fk; mbg;gil mwpNt. tptrhaj;ij Kjd;ikahff; nfhz;l epygpuGj;Jt r%fnkhd;wpy; “tug;Gau” vd;w xw;iwr; nrhy;ypd; %yNk r%fj;jpd; Nkk;ghl;Lf;F coTj;njhopypd; mtrpaj;ij  mt;itf;fpotp ntspf;nfhzHe;jJ Nghd;W> jftiy Kjd;ikahff; nfhz;l ,d;iwa r%fj;jpy; “mwpTau” vd;w xw;iwr; nrhy;ypd; %yk; jdp kdpj mwpT FLk;gj;jpd; Nkk;ghl;ilAk;; FLk;g cWg;gpdu;fsJ Nkk;ghL Rw;Wg;Gwr; r%fj;jpd; Nkk;ghL; mjd; topapy; r%f Nkk;ghl;ilAk;; vt;thW tsu;f;f KbAk;; vd;gij ntspf;nfhzu KbAk;.;.

     ve;jnthU r%fKk;. r%f> nghUshjhuj; Jiwfspy; Kd;Ndw Ntz;Lkhapd; gpw ehLfspy; jq;fpapUf;Fk; epiykhwp  ehl;bd; ,aw;if tsq;fSk; kdpj tsq;fSk; G+uzkhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk; nghJ kf;fspd; eyidAk; tsu;r;rpiaAk; mjpfupf;f cjTk;tifapy; mt;tsq;fisg; gadgLj;jp mjpf nghUl;fis cw;gj;jp nra;tJk; rpwe;j Nritia mspg;gJNk mgptpUj;jpapd; Kf;fpa Nehf;fkhFk;. ve;jnthU mgptpUj;jp Kaw;rpapd; ,yf;F kdpjNd. mgtpUj;jpf;fhd fUtpAk; kdpjNd. mgptpUj;jpapd; fu;j;jhTk; kdpjNd. kdpjDf;fhf kdpjidf; nfhz;L kdpjdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; nraw;ghLfNs mgptpUj;jpiaj; jUk;.

    

vq;fpUe;J njhlq;fyhk;?

.r%f Nkk;ghl;il vq;fpUe;J njhlq;fyhk; vd;w tpdh vOg;gg;gLk;NghJ ehl;L kf;fspy; Kf;fhw; gFjpf;F mjpfkhf trpg;gJ fpuhkq;fspy;jhd; vd;gjw;fika fpuhkk; Njrj;jpd; mgptpUj;jpia mstpLtjw;fhd rpwe;j msTNfhyhf nghUspay; ty;YdHfs; fz;ldH. Mdhy; cyfkakhf;fy;> efukakhf;fy;> Nghd;w rpe;jidfs; fhuzkhf  fpuhkk;  vd;w fUj;Jepiy nky;y nky;y jdJ tiuaiwfis ,oe;J tUtJk; fpuhkkh my;yJ efukh vd;W njspthf tiuaWf;f Kbahjgb ,uz;Lk; nfl;lhd; epiyapy; fpuhkq;fs; ,Ug;gJk; ,jd;fhuzkhf gl;bd rigfs;> fpuhk rigfs; vd;gd ,y;yhky; Mf;fg;gl;L ,uz;ilAk; ,izj;J gpuNjr rigfs; cUthf;fg;gl;bUg;gJk; fpuhkj;jpYk; ghHf;f FWfpa tiunty;iy xd;wpid mgptpUj;jpf;fhd msTNfhyhf njhpT nra;aNtz;ba Njitia cUthf;fpAs;sJ.

     fpuhkq;fis Kd;Ndw;Wtjw;F fpuhk mgptpUj;jpr; rq;fq;fs; mikf;fg;gl;L mjD}lhf r%f nghUshjhu> fy;tp> Rfhjhu> fyhr;rhu mgptpUj;jpia Nkw;nfhs;Sk; eltbf;iffs; gpd;gw;wg;gLfpd;wnjdpDk; fpuhk kf;fspd; czHTG+Htkhd gq;Fgw;wy; ,y;yhj vJTNk mgptpUj;jpia nfhz;LtuhJ vd;gjw;fhd vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfshf ,it fhzg;gLtJ fz;$L. ,j;jifa rq;fq;fs; cs;SH Ra cjtpapNyNa nghpJk; jq;fpapUg;gJk; rdr%fepiyaq;fs;> $l;LwTr; rq;fq;fs;> tptrha rigfs;> ngw;NwhH Mrphpa rq;fq;fs;> rka epiyaq;fs;> kf;fs; rigfs; Nghd;wtw;Wld; njhlHGnfhz;Nl fpuhk mgptpUj;jpia Kd;ndLf;f Ntz;bapUg;gJk;> xU fpuhkkhdJ xd;wpw;F Nkw;gl;l Rw;Wg;Gw rKjhaq;fis cs;slf;fpapUg;gjdhy; ,tHfspilNa fhzg;gLk; r%f nghUshjhu> fyhr;rhu Vw;wj;jho;Tfs; fpuhk mgptpUj;jp vd;w fUj;Jepiyf;F rhpahd gq;fspg;Gr; nra;aKbahj epiyia Vw;gLj;jpAs;sd. vdNt FLk;gj;jpw;F mLj;jjhf Rw;Wg;Gw rKjhaj;jpdpd;Wk; Njhw;wk; ngWk; rdr%f epiyaq;fs; fpuhk mgptpUj;jpf;fhd js ikakhf cUthf;fg;glf;$ba tha;g;G cz;lhfpwJ.

ahu; njhlq;FtJ.?

r%f Nkk;ghl;by; xt;nthU jdpkdpjDf;Fk; gq;Fz;L vd;gJ Vw;fdNt Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. Koikahd rKjha <Lghl;bd; %yNk Koikahd rKjha cau;T Vw;gl KbAk;. r%f khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjpy; ,isQUf;Fk; taJ te;NjhUf;Fk; ghupa gq;Fz;L. tUq;fhy r%fj;ijj; jhq;fg;NghFk; ,d;iwa Foe;ijfspd; Muha;T+f;fj;Jf;F fskikj;Jf; nfhLj;jy;> ,Wjpf; fhyj;ij mikjpahf fopf;f tpUk;Gfpd;w KjpNahu;fspd; Xa;T Neuj;ijg gads;sjhf;fy;> ,awif nraw;iff; fhuzpfspd; jhf;fj;jhy; cly; csj; jhf;fKw;w r%f cWg;gpdu;fis mutizj;Jf; fhj;jy;> vy;yhtw;Wf;Fk; Nkyhf xt;nthU r%f cWg;gpdupilNaAk; ehk; vd;w czu;itj; Njhw;Wtpg;gjD}lhf r%fj;jpy; jdJ gq;F gw;wpa rpe;jidia cUthf;Fjy; Nghd;w ghupa gzpfis Vw;W elj;Jk; nghWg;G r%fj;jpd; ,isa jiyKiwaplKk; taJ te;jtu;fsplKNk xg;gilf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ nghjpe;j. nraY}f;fKk; cw;rhfKk; vijAk; Nfs;tpf;Fl;gLj;Jk; mwpT Ntl;ifAk; kpf;f ,isQu; rKjhaj;jpd; xj;Jiog;Gk;> nghWikAk; mDgt mwpTk; epuk;g;ngw;w taJ te;Njhu;fspd; xj;Jiog;Gk; rupahd tifapy; xd;wpizAk; NghNj r%fj;jpd; ve;j nthU Nehf;fKk; nraYUg;ngWk; tha;g;G cz;lhfpwJ. ,t; tha;g;igf; nfhz;Ls;s xNunahU mikg;G rdr%fepiyakhfNt mika KbAk;.

gFjp -3

vg;gbj; njhlq;FtJ?

r%f Nkk;ghl;il vg;gbj; njhlq;FtJ vd;w tpdh vOg;gg;gLk; NghJ

kdpjnuy;yhk; md;G newp fhz;gjw;Fk;

kNdhghtk; thidg;Nghy; tpuptile;J

jdpkdpj jj;Jtkhk; ,Uisg;Nghf;fp

rfkf;fs; xd;nwd;g Jzu;tjw;Fk;

,dpjpdpjha; vOe;j cau; vz;znky;yhk;

,yFtJ Gytu; jU Rtbr; rhiy

Gdpj Kw;W kf;fs; GJtho;T Ntz;by;

Gj;jfrhiy Ntz;Lk; ehl;by; ahz;Lk;

vd;w Gul;rpf; ftp ghujpjhrdpd; mu;j;jk; nghjpe;j tupfs; ,q;F capu; ngWfpd;wd.

rpije;Jnfhz;L NghFk; kdpjg; gz;ig tpUj;jp nra;tjw;F mbg;gilahf ,Ug;gJ mwpT. njhlHr;rpahd fw;wy; nraw;ghl;bD}lhf xU nghUl;Jiw gw;wp xU kdpjd; %isapy; gjpe;J itj;jpUf;fpd;w my;yJ midj;J kf;fshYk; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; nghUl;L gfpHe;J nfhs;sg;gLfpd;w jftYk; mJ njhlHghd GhpjYk; mwpT vdg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j mwpit mlf;fpf;nfhz;bUg;git E}y;fs;. xU E}yhdJ fy;tpawpT je;J eilKiwepiy njuptpj;J flikfisf; fhl;b> cupikfisr; Nru;j;J> nghUshjhuj;ij tsu;j;J fyhr;rhuj;ijf; fhf;Fk; nraw;gz;Gfs; nfhz;lJ vd;fpwhu; ,e;jpa E}yftpay; tpw;gd;du; Nt. jpy;iyehafk;. xU E}yfj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; E}y;fs; jftiyj; jUgit> kd MWjiyf; nfhLg;git> Gj;Japu;g;G+l;Lgit> mwpitj; jUgit vd gyjug;gl;litahf mikfpd;wd. ,it midj;Jk; fspkz; gjpTfs; Kjw; nfhz;L ,d;iwa fzpdpg; gjpTfs; tiu kdpj tuyhw;Wf; fl;lq;fspy; gy tsu;r;rpg; Nghf;Ffisr; re;jpj;jpUf;fpd;wikia E}yfq;fspy; Ftpe;J fplf;Fk; jfty; rhjdq;fs; %yk; fz;L nfhs;s KbAk;.

E}y;fs; ,Uf;Fk; ,lk; E}yfk;. E}yfq;fis mtw;wpd; Nehf;fj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; fy;tp rhu; E}yfq;fs; nghJ E}yfq;fs; rpwg;G E}yfq;fs; vd %d;W ngUk; gpupthf tifg;gLj;j KbAk;. ,tw;wpy; nghJ E}yfq;fs; kf;fshy; kf;fSf;fhf kf;fNs Kd;dpd;W elj;JtJ nghJ E}yfk; vdg;gLfpwJ. vkJ r%fj;jpy; nghJ E}yfg; gzpia Nkw;nfhs;tjpy; khefurig E}yfq;fs;> gpuNjrrig E}yfq;fs; fpuhk E}yfq;fs; rdr%f epiya E}yfq;fs; vd;gd cs;slq;Ffpd;wd. khefurig gpuNjrrig E}yfq;fspd; gug;ngy;iy tpuptile;jjd; fhuzkhf  r%fj;jpd; midj;J cWg;gpdu;fSk; gadgLj;jf;$batifapy;; xOq;fikg;gjw;F kpfg; nghUj;;jkhd ,lk; rdr%f epiyaq;fspdhy; cUthf;fg;gLk; E}yfq;fshfNt ,Uf;f KbAk;. vdNt rdr%f epiyak; xd;wpd; E}yf cUthf;fkhdJ mwpT gug;Gk; kpfr; rpwe;j rhjdkhf ,Uf;ff;$ba tha;g;Gz;L. ,e;j mwpit ghlrhiyfs; toq;fKbahjh vd;w Nfs;tp vOfpwJ.

ghlrhiyfSk; rdr%f epiyaq;fSk;.

fw;wy; vd;gJ tho;f;ifapdpd;Wk; vOk; xd;W. tho;f;if mDgtq;fspd; xU gFjpia kl;LNk ghlrhiyfs; kdpjDf;F toq;f KbAk;. fy;tp vd;gJ cau;FbapdUf;F kl;LNk nrhe;jkhdJ vd;w fhyfl;lj;jpy; Muk;gpj;j FU Fyf;fy;tp KiwapypUe;J njhlq;fp midtUf;Fk; fy;tp vd;w Nfh\k; Kd;itf;fg;gl;l fhyj;jpy; Muk;gpj;j epWtdkag;gl;l fy;tp Kiwapy; eil gapd;W Foe;ij ikaf;fy;tp vd;w fUj;J epiyf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;J r%f ikaf; fy;tpapy; fy;tpr; rpe;jidfs; midj;Jk; xUKfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s ,d;iwa fhy fl;lj;jpy; kdpjid kdpjdhf cUthf;FtNj cz;ikf; fy;tpapd; Nehf;fk; vd;w Rthkp tpNtfhde;jupd; rpe;jid cly; cs;sk; Md;kh vd;gtw;wpd; rpwg;G kpf;f gz;Gfis ntspf; nfhzu cjTtJ fy;tp vd;w fhe;jpapd; rpejid Nghd;w gyjug;gl;l cau; rpe;jidfisAk;> njhopy; Nehf;fk;> mwpT Nehf;fk;> xUikg;ghLila Msikia tsu;j;njLf;Fk;; ,ire;j tsu;r;rp Nehf;fk;> xOf;f Nehf;fk;> Xa;T Nehf;fk;> r%f Nehf;fk; vd gyjug;gl;l Nehf;fq;fisAk; re;jpj;jpUf;Fk; ,d;iwa fy;tp KiwahdJ nraw;ghl;lstpy; nra;Js;s rhjidfs; kpfkpff; FiwT. fy;tpj;jpl;lq;fspy; Vw;gLj;Jk; khw;wq;fspd; Ntfj;Jf;F <L nfhLf;Fk; tifapy; Mrpupau;fSf;fhd gapw;rpNah mtu;fsplk; kdkhw;wj;ijf; nfhz;L tUtjw;fhd J}z;Ljy;fNsh kpff; FiwT. tWik Ntiyapd;ik Nghd;w nghUshjhuf; fhuzpfspd; jhf;fk; kpf mjpfkhf cs;s vkJ Njrj;jpy; fy;tpapd; KO Nehf;fKNk njhopy; Nehf;fkhfNt cs;sJ. Nkiy ehl;L mwptpay; fz;Lgpbg;Gfspd; ghtidahsuhfNt ,Uf;Fk; vkf;F ,f; fz;Lgpbg;Gfis gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd Njlypy; tho;tpd; ngUk; gFjp fope;J tpl ,f; fz;Lgpbg;Gfspd; cd;ikahd gad;ghL vd;d ,jd; ed;ikfs; jPikfs; Nghd;wtwiw mwptjw;fhd tha;g;Gfis ,oe;J tpLfpd;Nwhk;.

Nghl;b kpf;f njhopy; re;ijapy; epd;Wgpbg;gjw;Nfw;w tifapy; jhd; vkJ efu;Tfs; ,Ug;gjd; fhuzkhf tho;f;ifg; gbg;gpw;fhd fhy mtfhrNkh rpe;jidNah vk;kplk; mUfp tUtNj fz;$L. njhopy; re;ijapy; Nghl;bNghlf;$ba ty;yikiaj; jUk; ghlrhiyfis Nehf;fp jkJ gps;isfis efu;j;Jk; ngw;Nwhu;fs>; ghlrhiyfis ngWNgWfspd; mbg;gilapy; jug;gLj;Jk; fy;tpj;jpl;lq;fs; me;j];J kpf;f tho;f;iff;Fupa %yjdkhff; fy;tpia fUJk; vkJ r%fj;jpd; kdg;ghq;F vd;gd khWk; tiu ghlrhiyfs; r%f ikaf;fy;tpf;Fupa ikaj; jsq;fshf ,Uf;Fk; tha;g;G rhj;jpa kw;wnjhd;whFk;. khwhf njhopy; Nehf;fk; cr;repiyaile;J ehk; vd;w czu;r;rpf;Fg; gjpy; ehd; vd;w czu;T kdpjDf;Fs; NtNuhb jhd; gpwe;j jto;e;j Xbj;jpupe;j kz;izNa kwe;J tpLk; ,ay;igNa ehk; fz;$lhfg; ghu;f;fpNwhk;.

kdpj tho;f;ifapd; ngUk;gFjp FLk;gk; Rw;Wg;Gwr; r%fk; vd;w tl;lj;Jf;Fs;NsNs fopfpwJ. ~Foe;ijapd; Kjy; MW Mz;Lfspd; tho;f;ifia vd;dplk; xg;gilAq;fs; mjw;Fg;gpwF mjd; tho;f;if mikg;ig vg;gbg;gl;ltu;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpwhu;fs; vd;gijg;gw;wp vdf;F ftiyapy;iy~ vdf; $Wk; ng];lNyhrp vd;w jiyrpwe;j fy;tpahsupd; $w;W kdpj tho;f;ifapy; FLk;gKk; Rw;Wg;Gwr; r%fKk; tfpf;Fk; gq;if njspthff; fhl;lg; NghJkhdJ. vdNt ,tw;Wf;Fs; ,Ue;J cUthf;fg;gLk; rd r%f epiyaq;fs; r%f Nkk;ghl;bd; mbj;jsq;fshf cUthf;fg;gl Ntz;bajd; mtrpak; gw;wpa fUj;JKuz;ghl;bf;F tha;g;gpy;iy vd;Nw $wNtz;Lk;.. mwpTj; Njly; ,q;fpUe;J njhlq;fNtz;Lk;. ghHj;Jr; nra;jy; Foe;ijapd; gpujhd gz;G vd;gjdhy; Njly; czHTf;fhd fsk; ,q;fpUe;J miktNj nghUj;jkhdJ. ghlrhiyf;F nry;tjw;F Kd;Ds;s Foe;ijg; gUtj;jpd; Muha;T+f;fj;jpw;F fsk; mikj;J nfhLf;ff; $ba tha;g;G rdr%f epiyaq;fspdhy; elj;jg;gLk; ghyu;fy;tpAk; rpWtu; E}yfKk; rupahd Kiwapy; nraw;gLtjD}lhf milag;gl KbAk;.

eilKiw epiy

jkJ gyk; jkJ Kf;fpaj;Jtk; vj;jifaJ vd;gJ jkf;Nf njupahj epiyapy;; ,d;iwa rdr%f epiyaq;fs; ,Ug;gijNa ehk; fz;$lhff; fhz;fpNwhk;. ngUk;ghyhd rdr%f epiyaq;fs; XupU gj;jpupiffis thrpg;gjw;fhd thrpfrhiyfshf kl;LNk jkJ gzpiaf; FWf;fp tpLfpd;wd. rpy rdr%f epiyaq;fs; thrpf rhiyAld; ghyu; ghlrhiy tpisahl;Lf; fofk; vd;W Xustpw;F jkJ gzpia tpupTgLj;jpapUf;fpd;wd. Fwpg;gpl;Lr; nrhy;yf;$ba XupU rdr%f epiyaq;fs; kl;Lk; E}yfk; vd;w vz;zf;fUtpw;F XusTf;F tbtk; nfhLj;jpUg;gJld; jw;Nghija jfty; r%fj;jpd; ,U fz;fs; vdg;gLfpd;w fzdpg;gapw;rp> Mq;fpyf; fy;tp vd;w ,uz;ilAk; Nehf;fp jkJ gzpfis tpupTgLj;jpapUf;fpd;wd. epjp ngWk; Nehf;fj;Jf;fhf E}yfk; vd;w mikg;ig cUthf;fp mjd;%yk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l E}y;fisNa mYkhupfspy; G+l;b itj;jpUf;Fk; rdr%f epiyaq;fisAk; ,q;F kwe;Jtpl KbahJ.

thrpfrhiy vd;gJ kpf Mokhd cl;nghUisf; nfhz;l xU nrhw;gjk; vd;gij czu;e;J nfhs;shkNyNa rdr%f epiyaq;fspy; ngUk;ghyhdit thrpfrhiy vd;w ngauhNyNa ,d;Wk; ,dq;fhzg;gLfpd;wd. thrpg;G kdpjidg; G+uz kdpjdhf;FfpwJ vd;w Gfo;kpf;f thrfj;jpd; cl;nghUs; vJNth me;j cl;nghUisj; jUtNj thrpfrhiyahFk;. Mdhy; eilKiwapy; ehk; fhZk; thrpfrhiyfs; XupU Gjpdg;gj;jpupiffis thrpf;Fk; ,lkhfNt ,d;Wk; ,Uf;fpd;wd. vt;tsTjhd; fy;tpawpT tPjj;jpy; cyfpd; tsu;e;j ehLfSf;F ,izahf vkJ r%fk; ,Ug;gpDk; vk;kpilNa thrpg;Gg; gof;fk; vd;gJ kpf kpff; FiwT. ,J vkJ vz;zq;fisf; FWf;fp vk;kpilNa ehd; vd;w czu;it NkNyhq;fr; nra;fpwJ. ,JNt r%f Nkk;ghl;bd; jilf;fy;yhfTk; mike;J tpLfpwJ. rdr%f epiya E}yfq;fspdhy; toq;fg;gLk; NritfspD}lhf  ~ehk;! vd;w czu;itj; Njhw;Wtpf;f KbAk;.

fdT nka;g;gl

vk;ktu; kj;jpapy; E}yfk; vd;gJ VNjh neUq;f Kbahj ,lk;> Nkjhtpfs; ngupa kdpju;fs; kl;LNk nry;yf;$ba ,lk; vd;w  czu;T cz;L. mNjNghy; E}yfk; nry;tJ Ntiy kpidf;NfL vd;W vz;Zgtu;fSk; vk;kpilNa cs;sdu;. E}yfj;jpw;F tpUkgpr; nry;gtu;fspd; mwpTj; Njliy mg;gbNa eRf;fptplf;$basTf;F rpy E}yfu;fspd; kdg;ghq;F ,Ug;gJ ,q;F Fwpg;gplg;glNtz;bajhFk;.

E}y;fs;> thrfu;> E}yfu; vd;w %d;W $WfSk; xd;Wld; xd;W ruptu ,izAk; NghNj E}yfk; xd;wpd; Nehf;fkhdJ epiwNtWfpwJ. ,jpy; E}yfu; vd;gtupd; gq;Nf gpujhd Cf;fpahf nrawgl Ntz;Lk;. E}yfj;jpdhy; toq;fg;glf;$ba Nritfis ,q;F fzprkhdsTf;F gl;baypl;Lf;nfhz;L Nghfyhk;. MdhYk; thrpg;Gg; gof;fj;ij r%f cWg;gpdu; midtupilNaAk; Vw;gLj;jNy vy;yhtw;wpYk; gpujhd gzpahFk;.,yhg Nehf;fk; cs;s epWtdk; xd;W jdJ thbf;ifahsiu ftUtjw;F vd;ndd;d eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;s KbANkh mj;jid eltbf;iffisAk; E}yfu; vd;gtu; ,yhgk; vJTkw;w E}yf Nritapy; Nkw;nfhs;Stjd; %yNk r%f cWg;gpdupilNa thrpg;Gg; gof;fj;ij cUthf;f KbAk;. ftu;r;rpahd E}yff; fl;blNkh trjpahd E}yf jsghlq;fNsh> ngUe;njhifahd E}y;fNsh ,yFthd E}yf xOq;fikg;Ngh thrpg;Gg; gof;fkw;w r%fj;jpy; gad;ghlw;wJ. E}yfj;ij kf;fs; ehlhj xU r%fj;jpy; thrpg;Gg; gof;fj;ij cUthf;Ftjw;F E}yfNk kf;fis Nehf;fp efu Ntz;ba Njit cUthfpwJ. fisj;J tpOe;J Ntiyahy; tUk; FLk;gj; jiytd;> Foe;ijfs; FLk;gk; vd;W ehs; KOtJk; NghuhLk; FLk;gj; jiytp> Xa;T Neuj;ij gaDs;s tifapy; fopf;f tif njupahky; jpz;lhLk; KjpNahu;fis Nehf;fp E}yfNk efu Ntz;Lk;. XU jlit mtu;fSf;F E}Yzu;it Vw;gLj;Jtjpy; ntw;wpngwpd; gpd;du; jhkhfNt mtu;fs; E}yfj;ij gad;;gLj;jj; njhlq;fp tpLtu;. xU Fwpg;gpl;l kf;fs; njhFjpf;nfd Nritahw;Wk; rdr%fepiya E}yfq;fSf;F xt;nthU cWg;gpdupilNaAk; jdpg;gl;l njhlu;igg; NgZk; tha;g;G cz;L.

E}yf Nrit gw;wpg; Ngr;nrLj;jhNy Kjypy; tUtJ epjpg;gw;whf;Fiw vd;w mk;rk; jhd;. jkJ r%fj;ij jhk; Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F r%f cWg;gpdu;fs; jk;kpy; jhd; jq;fpapUf;fNtz;LNkad;wp murhq;fj;ijay;y. r%f cWg;gpdupd; czu;GG+u;tkhd gq;Fgw;Wjypd;wp ve;j nthU r%f Nkk;ghLk; rhj;jpakpy;iy vd;gijNa r%f mgtpUj;jpf;F Nfhbf;fzf;fpy; nrytop;j;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; muNrh my;yJ cjtp jUk; epWtdq;fNsh fz;Ls;s mDgtG+u;tkhd cz;ik.

neUf;fbf;Fl;gLk; kdpju;fsplk; jhd; Nkk;ghL njhlu;ghd rpe;jid cUg;ngWtJ ,ay;G vd;gijNa tuyhW vkf;F vLj;Jf; fhl;bapUf;fpwJ. trjpahd #oy;fs; vg;NghJNk typikahd kdpju;fis tsu;j;njLg;gjpy;iy. murpay; #oNyh nghUshjhur; #oNyh vjw;FNk ,J nghUe;Jk;.